Technical Principle
1. Photovoltaic Effect: The core principle of industrial and commercial photovoltaic power plants is the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight strikes solar panels, semiconductor materials absorb photon energy, generating electron-hole pairs, which in turn generate direct current (DC).
2. System Components: An industrial and commercial photovoltaic power plant consists of photovoltaic modules, mounting brackets, DC combiner boxes, inverters, AC distribution cabinets, and other equipment. PV modules convert solar energy into DC power, which the inverter then converts to AC power for the loads.
3. Power Generation Principle: PV modules are mounted on rooftops using mounting brackets. They absorb sunlight to generate DC power, which is then converted to AC by the inverter. This power is then primarily supplied to the building’s loads, with any excess power being fed into the grid.
Development Process
1. Site Selection and Assessment: Select a location with ample sunlight, unobstructed access, and a stable roof structure. The local sunlight resources, regulatory environment, and electricity prices should also be assessed.
2. Rooftop Data Collection and Review: Collect documents such as roof ownership certificates and construction planning permits to ensure the legality and usability of the rooftop, and conduct a safety assessment of the rooftop structure.
3. Determine the Cooperation Model and Sign the Agreement: Communicate with the client regarding their cooperation intentions and energy needs, determine the cooperation model (e.g., self-generation for self-use, grid-connected surplus power), and sign the cooperation agreement.
4. Distributed PV projects can be categorized by the investor into four categories: household use by individuals, household use by non-individuals, general industrial and commercial, and large-scale industrial and commercial.
5. Filing Principles: Following the principle of “investor, filing,” filing is generally valid for two years. Household projects can apply directly to the power supply bureau.
6. Distributed PV projects must possess the following four key features: observability, measurability, adjustability, and controllability. assessments.
Application Scenarios
1. Industrial and Commercial Rooftops: Suitable for industrial and commercial spaces such as factories, shopping malls, schools, and hospitals, they can reduce electricity costs and increase energy self-sufficiency.
2. Agricultural and Fishery Complementarity: Integrating photovoltaic power generation into agricultural and fishery projects can receive additional policy support and subsidies.
3. Large Industrial Parks: Using centralized photovoltaic power plants can meet the electricity needs of enterprises within the park and improve energy efficiency.
Precautions
1. Roof Load: Installing a photovoltaic system on a steel structure factory building adds 15 kg per square meter of weight, while brick-concrete structures add 80 kg. Ensure that the roof load is safe.
2. Grid Connection Requirements: Projects over 6 MW must be connected to a high-voltage 10 kV or 35 kV grid. In some areas, projects over 400 kW require high-voltage connection.
3. Consumption Ratio: Industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects must ensure a high electricity consumption ratio, generally exceeding 60%.
4. Cooperation Model: A preferential electricity price model or a rooftop lease model can be selected, taking into account both investment returns and the owner’s preferences.
Developing industrial and commercial photovoltaics is not only a technical project but also a systematic one, involving multiple stages such as site selection, design, construction, grid connection, and operation and maintenance. Through sound planning and scientific management, industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects can bring significant economic and environmental benefits to businesses and society. With continued technological advancement and policy support, industrial and commercial photovoltaic development will usher in even greater opportunities for growth. We hope the above information will provide valuable insights for relevant practitioners and help implement more high-quality projects.
